pīnyīn
pin1yin1
ㄓㄨㄧㄣ
simplified
traditional
连
連
lian2
surname Lian
连
連
lian2
to link; to join; to connect; continuously; in succession; including; (used with 也, 都 etc) even; company (military)
strokes
10
radical
strokes after radical
7
拔毛连茹
拔毛連茹
ba2 mao2 lian2 ru2
lit. pull up a plant and the roots follow (idiom); fig. also involving others; inextricably tangled together; Invite one and he'll tell all his friends.
拔茅连茹
拔茅連茹
ba2 mao2 lian2 ru2
lit. pull up a plant and the roots follow (idiom); fig. also involving others; inextricably tangled together; Invite one and he'll tell all his friends.
兵连祸结
兵連禍結
bing1 lian2 huo4 jie2
ravaged by successive wars; war-torn; war-ridden
拨号连接
撥號連接
bo1 hao4 lian2 jie1
dial-up connection; dial-up networking
不连续
不連續
bu4 lian2 xu4
discontinuous; discrete
不连续面
不連續面
bu4 lian2 xu4 mian4
surface of discontinuity
超连结
超連結
chao1 lian2 jie2
hyperlink
搭连
搭連
da1 lian2
to bridge over; colligation (linguistics)
搭连
搭連
da1 lian5
variant of 褡褳|褡裢
大连
大連
da4 lian2
Dalian subprovincial city in Liaoning province 遼寧省|辽宁省 in northeast China
大连理工大学
大連理工大學
da4 lian2 li3 gong1 da4 xue2
Dalian University of Technology
大连市
大連市
da4 lian2 shi4
Dalian subprovincial city in Liaoning province 遼寧省|辽宁省 in northeast China
大连外国语大学
大連外國語大學
da4 lian2 wai4 guo2 yu3 da4 xue2
Dalian University of Foreign Languages
单连接站
單連接站
dan1 lian2 jie1 zhan4
single attachment station (telecommunications)
颠连
顛連
dian1 lian2
illogical
多肽连
多肽連
duo1 tai4 lian2
polypeptide chain
二连
二連
er4 lian2
Erlian basin in Inner Mongolia
二连浩特
二連浩特
er4 lian2 hao4 te4
Erlianhaote city in Xilin Gol league 錫林郭勒盟|锡林郭勒盟, Inner Mongolia
二连浩特市
二連浩特市
er4 lian2 hao4 te4 shi4
Erlianhaote city in Xilin Gol league 錫林郭勒盟|锡林郭勒盟, Inner Mongolia
二连巨盗龙
二連巨盜龍
er4 lian2 ju4 dao4 long2
Gigantoraptor erlianensis (a giant bird-like dinosaur found in Erlian in Inner Mongolia)
二连盆地
二連盆地
er4 lian2 pen2 di4
Erlian basin in Inner Mongolia
废话连篇
廢話連篇
fei4 hua4 lian2 pian1
a bunch of nonsense; verbose and rambling
缝缝连连
縫縫連連
feng2 feng2 lian2 lian2
needlework; sewing and mending
勾连
勾連
gou1 lian2
to be linked together; to be involved with; to collude; interconnection; involvement; collusion
骨肉相连
骨肉相連
gu3 rou4 xiang1 lian2
lit. interrelated as bones and flesh (idiom); inseparably related; closely intertwined
关连
關連
guan1 lian2
variant of 關聯|关联
贯连
貫連
guan4 lian2
to link up; to join together; to connect
鬼话连篇
鬼話連篇
gui3 hua4 lian2 pian1
to tell one lie after another (idiom); to talk nonsense; bogus story
核连锁反应
核連鎖反應
he2 lian2 suo3 fan3 ying4
nuclear chain reaction
合纵连横
合縱連橫
he2 zong4 lian2 heng2
Vertical and Horizontal Alliance, opposing stratagems devised by the School of Diplomacy 縱橫家|纵横家 during the Warring States Period (425-221 BC)
互连
互連
hu4 lian2
interconnection
互相连接
互相連接
hu4 xiang1 lian2 jie1
interlinked
黄连
黃連
huang2 lian2
Chinese goldthread (Coptis chinensis), rhizome used in medicine
价值连城
價值連城
jia4 zhi2 lian2 cheng2
invaluable; priceless
叫苦连天
叫苦連天
jiao4 ku3 lian2 tian1
to whine on for days (idiom); to endlessly grumble complaints; incessant whining
接二连三
接二連三
jie1 er4 lian2 san1
one after another (idiom); in quick succession
接连
接連
jie1 lian2
on end; in a row; in succession
接连不断
接連不斷
jie1 lian2 bu4 duan4
in unbroken succession (idiom)
结连
結連
jie2 lian2
linked in a chain
局部连贯性
局部連貫性
ju2 bu4 lian2 guan4 xing4
local coherence
局部连结网络
局部連結網絡
ju2 bu4 lian2 jie2 wang3 luo4
local connectionist network
绝对连续
絕對連續
jue2 dui4 lian2 xu4
absolutely continuous (math)
开放系统互连
開放系統互連
kai1 fang4 xi4 tong3 hu4 lian2
open systems interconnection; OSI
坎塔布连
坎塔布連
kan3 ta3 bu4 lian2
Cantabria in north Spain
坎塔布连海
坎塔布連海
kan3 ta3 bu4 lian2 hai3
Bay of Biscay (Spanish: Mare Cantabrico)
坎塔布连山脉
坎塔布連山脈
kan3 ta3 bu4 lian2 shan1 mai4
Cantabrian mountain range in north Spain dividing Asturias from Castilla-Leon
空话连篇
空話連篇
kong1 hua4 lian2 pian1
long-winded empty talk
里勾外连
裡勾外連
li3 gou1 wai4 lian2
to act from inside in coordination with attackers outside; attacked from both inside and out
李连杰
李連杰
li3 lian2 jie2
Li Lianjie or Jet Li (1963-), martial arts sportsman, subsequently film star and director
连败
連敗
lian2 bai4
consecutive defeats; to lose several times in a row
连奔带跑
連奔帶跑
lian2 ben1 dai4 pao3
to run quickly; to rush; to gallop
连本带利
連本帶利
lian2 ben3 dai4 li4
both principal and interest; capital plus profit
连比
連比
lian2 bi3
compound ratio
连笔
連筆
lian2 bi3
to write without lifting one's pen from the paper
连璧
連璧
lian2 bi4
to join jade annuli; fig. to combine two good things
连镳并轸
連鑣並軫
lian2 biao1 bing4 zhen3
lit. reins together and carriages level (idiom); keeping exactly abreast of one another; running neck and neck
连城
連城
lian2 cheng2
Liancheng county level city in Longyan 龍岩|龙岩, Fujian
连城县
連城縣
lian2 cheng2 xian4
Liancheng county in Longyan 龍岩|龙岩, Fujian
连串
連串
lian2 chuan4
one after the other; a succession of; a series of
连词
連詞
lian2 ci2
conjunction
连带
連帶
lian2 dai4
to be related; to entail; to involve; joint (liability etc)
连带责任
連帶責任
lian2 dai4 ze2 ren4
to bear joint responsibility for sth; joint liability (law)
连动
連動
lian2 dong4
to link; to peg (currency); gang (gears); continuously; serial verb construction
连动债
連動債
lian2 dong4 zhai4
structured note (finance)
连读
連讀
lian2 du2
liaison (in phonetics)
连队
連隊
lian2 dui4
company (of troops)
连番
連番
lian2 fan1
repeatedly
连歌
連歌
lian2 ge1
renga
连根拔
連根拔
lian2 gen1 ba2
to pull up by the roots; to uproot
连骨肉
連骨肉
lian2 gu3 rou4
chop; rib meat
连贯
連貫
lian2 guan4
to link up (disparate elements); coherent (narrative, argument etc)
连滚带爬
連滾帶爬
lian2 gun3 dai4 pa2
rolling and crawling; trying frantically to escape (idiom)
连锅端
連鍋端
lian2 guo1 duan1
to take even the cooking pots (idiom); to clean out; to wipe out
连号
連號
lian2 hao4
consecutive serial numbers; chain (of supermarkets, hotels etc); hyphen
连合
連合
lian2 he2
to combine; to join; to unite; alliance; same as 联合|聯合
连横
連橫
lian2 heng2
Horizontal Alliance, clique of the School of Diplomacy 縱橫家|纵横家 during the Warring States Period (425-221 BC)
连哄带骗
連哄帶騙
lian2 hong1 dai4 pian4
to cajole; to sweet talk sb into doing sth
连环
連環
lian2 huan2
chain
连环画
連環畫
lian2 huan2 hua4
lianhuanhua (graphic novel)
连环计
連環計
lian2 huan2 ji4
interlocked stratagems
连环杀手
連環殺手
lian2 huan2 sha1 shou3
serial killer
连环图
連環圖
lian2 huan2 tu2
comic strip
连击
連擊
lian2 ji1
to batter; combo (hit) (gaming); (volleyball, table tennis etc) double hit; double contact
连枷
連枷
lian2 jia1
flail
连枷胸
連枷胸
lian2 jia1 xiong1
flail chest (medicine)
连江
連江
lian2 jiang1
Lianjiang county in Fuzhou 福州, Fujian; Lienchiang county of Taiwan, i.e. the Matsu Islands 馬祖列島|马祖列岛
连江县
連江縣
lian2 jiang1 xian4
Lianjiang county in Fuzhou 福州, Fujian; Lienchiang county of Taiwan, i.e. the Matsu Islands 馬祖列島|马祖列岛
连接
連接
lian2 jie1
to link; to join; to attach; connection; a link (on web page)
连接词
連接詞
lian2 jie1 ci2
conjunction
连接号
連接號
lian2 jie1 hao4
hyphen
连接框
連接框
lian2 jie1 kuang4
connection frame; linked frame
连接酶
連接酶
lian2 jie1 mei2
ligase
连接器
連接器
lian2 jie1 qi4
connector
连接至
連接至
lian2 jie1 zhi4
to connect to
连结
連結
lian2 jie2
variant of 聯結|联结
连结线
連結線
lian2 jie2 xian4
tie (music)
连结主义
連結主義
lian2 jie2 zhu3 yi4
connectionism
连襟
連襟
lian2 jin1
husbands of sisters; brothers-in-law; extremely close (of a relationship)
连卺
連巹
lian2 jin3
to share nuptial cup; fig. to get married
连裤袜
連褲襪
lian2 ku4 wa4
panty hose; tights
连累
連累
lian2 lei3
to involve; to implicate sb; to spread to others (harm, trouble, damage etc)
连理
連理
lian2 li3
two trees that grow together as one; fig. conjugal union
连连
連連
lian2 lian2
repeatedly; again and again
连连看
連連看
lian2 lian2 kan4
pattern matching (puzzle game); matching (type of test question in which presented items are to be paired up)
连络
連絡
lian2 luo4
variant of 聯絡|联络
连忙
連忙
lian2 mang2
promptly; at once
连袂
連袂
lian2 mei4
variant of 聯袂|联袂
连绵
連綿
lian2 mian2
continuous; unbroken; uninterrupted; extending forever into the distance (of mountain range, river etc)
连绵词
連綿詞
lian2 mian2 ci2
variant of 聯綿詞|联绵词
连南县
連南縣
lian2 nan2 xian4
Liannan Yaozu autonomous county in Qingyuan 清远, Guangdong
连南瑶族自治县
連南瑤族自治縣
lian2 nan2 yao2 zu2 zi4 zhi4 xian4
Liannan Yao Autonomous County in Qingyuan 清遠|清远, Guangdong
连年
連年
lian2 nian2
successive years; over many years
连翩
連翩
lian2 pian1
variant of 聯翩|联翩
连篇累牍
連篇累牘
lian2 pian1 lei3 du2
(of a piece of writing) long and tedious (idiom); verbose
连片
連片
lian2 pian4
forming a continuous sheet; continuous; contiguous; closely grouped
连平
連平
lian2 ping2
Lianping county in Heyuan 河源, Guangdong
连平县
連平縣
lian2 ping2 xian4
Lianping county in Heyuan 河源, Guangdong
连翘
連翹
lian2 qiao2
Forsythia
连任
連任
lian2 ren4
to continue in (a political) office; to serve for another term of office
连日
連日
lian2 ri4
day after day; for several days running
连三并四
連三併四
lian2 san1 bing4 si4
one after the other; in succession (idiom)
连山
連山
lian2 shan1
Lianshan district of Huludao city 葫蘆島市|葫芦岛市, Liaoning
连山区
連山區
lian2 shan1 qu1
Lianshan district of Huludao city 葫蘆島市|葫芦岛市, Liaoning
连山县
連山縣
lian2 shan1 xian4
Lianshan Zhuang and Yao autonomous county in Qingyuan 清远, Guangdong
连山壮族瑶族自治县
連山壯族瑤族自治縣
lian2 shan1 zhuang4 zu2 yao2 zu2 zi4 zhi4 xian4
Lianshan Zhuang and Yao autonomous county in Qingyuan 清远, Guangdong
连声
連聲
lian2 sheng1
repeatedly (say something)
连手
連手
lian2 shou3
concerted action; to collude (in dishonesty)
连书
連書
lian2 shu1
to write without lifting one's pen from the paper; (in the Romanization of Chinese) to write two or more syllables together as a single word (not separated by spaces)
连署
連署
lian2 shu3
to cosign; to countersign
连锁
連鎖
lian2 suo3
to interlock; to be linked; chain (store etc)
连锁店
連鎖店
lian2 suo3 dian4
chain store
连锁反应
連鎖反應
lian2 suo3 fan3 ying4
chain reaction
连锁商店
連鎖商店
lian2 suo3 shang1 dian4
chain store
连踢带打
連踢帶打
lian2 ti1 dai4 da3
to kick and beat (idiom)
连体
連體
lian2 ti3
conjoined (twins)
连体双胞胎
連體雙胞胎
lian2 ti3 shuang1 bao1 tai1
conjoined twins; Siamese twins
连体婴
連體嬰
lian2 ti3 ying1
conjoined twins
连体婴儿
連體嬰兒
lian2 ti3 ying1 er2
conjoined twins; Siamese twins
连天
連天
lian2 tian1
reaching the sky; for days on end; incessantly
连通
連通
lian2 tong1
to connect; to communicate; to relate; (math.) connected
连通器
連通器
lian2 tong1 qi4
communicating vessels (in scientific experiment)
连同
連同
lian2 tong2
together with; along with
连拖带拉
連拖帶拉
lian2 tuo1 dai4 la1
pushing and pulling (idiom)
连系
連繫
lian2 xi4
to link; to connect
连系词
連繫詞
lian2 xi4 ci2
copula (linguistics)
连线
連線
lian2 xian4
electrical lead; connecting line; (Tw) to connect (to a network, device etc); to go online; connection; (congressional) caucus
连县
連縣
lian2 xian4
Lian county in Guangdong
连宵
連宵
lian2 xiao1
the same night; that very night; successive nights
连销店
連銷店
lian2 xiao1 dian4
chain store
连写
連寫
lian2 xie3
to write without lifting one's pen from the paper; (in the Romanization of Chinese) to write two or more syllables together as a single word (not separated by spaces)
连续
連續
lian2 xu4
continuous; in a row; serial; consecutive
连续变调
連續變調
lian2 xu4 bian4 diao4
tone sandhi
连续不断
連續不斷
lian2 xu4 bu4 duan4
continuous; unceasing
连续犯
連續犯
lian2 xu4 fan4
successive offenses; serial crime
连续函数
連續函數
lian2 xu4 han2 shu4
continuous function
连续集
連續集
lian2 xu4 ji2
TV series
连续监视
連續監視
lian2 xu4 jian1 shi4
continuous monitoring
连续介质力学
連續介質力學
lian2 xu4 jie4 zhi4 li4 xue2
mechanics of a continuous medium; fluid mechanics
连续剧
連續劇
lian2 xu4 ju4
serialized drama; dramatic series; show in parts
连续体
連續體
lian2 xu4 ti3
continuum
连续统假设
連續統假設
lian2 xu4 tong3 jia3 she4
(math.) the continuum hypothesis
连续性
連續性
lian2 xu4 xing4
continuity
连续译码阶段
連續譯碼階段
lian2 xu4 yi4 ma3 jie1 duan4
sequential decoding stage
连夜
連夜
lian2 ye4
that very night; through the night; for several nights in a row
连衣裙
連衣裙
lian2 yi1 qun2
woman's dress; frock; gown
连音
連音
lian2 yin1
tuplet (music); sandhi (phonetics)
连音符
連音符
lian2 yin1 fu2
tuplet (music)
连用
連用
lian2 yong4
to continue using; use together with sth; use next
连云
連雲
lian2 yun2
Lian'yun district of Lianyungang city 連雲港市|连云港市, Jiangsu
连云港
連雲港
lian2 yun2 gang3
Lianyungang prefecture level city in Jiangsu
连云港市
連雲港市
lian2 yun2 gang3 shi4
Lianyungang prefecture level city in Jiangsu
连云区
連雲區
lian2 yun2 qu1
Lian'yun district of Lianyungang city 連雲港市|连云港市, Jiangsu
连载
連載
lian2 zai3
serialized; published as a serial (in a newspaper)
连战
連戰
lian2 zhan4
Lien Chan (1936-), Taiwanese politician, former vice-president and chairman of Guomintang
连战连胜
連戰連勝
lian2 zhan4 lian2 sheng4
fighting and winning a series of battles (idiom); ever victorious
连长
連長
lian2 zhang3
company commander
连指手套
連指手套
lian2 zhi3 shou3 tao4
mittens
连州
連州
lian2 zhou1
Lianzhou county level city in Qingyuan 清远, Guangdong
连州市
連州市
lian2 zhou1 shi4
Lianzhou county level city in Qingyuan 清远, Guangdong
连轴转
連軸轉
lian2 zhou2 zhuan4
lit. to continuously revolve; to work non-stop; to work around the clock (idiom)
连珠
連珠
lian2 zhu1
joined as a string of pearls; in rapid succession; alignment; Renju, a Japanese game, also called Gomoku or five-in-a-row
连珠炮
連珠砲
lian2 zhu1 pao4
in quick-fire succession
连铸
連鑄
lian2 zhu4
continuous casting (metallurgy)
连缀
連綴
lian2 zhui4
to put together; linking; successive; a cluster
连缀动词
連綴動詞
lian2 zhui4 dong4 ci2
linking verb
连字符
連字符
lian2 zi4 fu2
hyphen
连字符号
連字符號
lian2 zi4 fu2 hao4
hyphen
连字号
連字號
lian2 zi4 hao4
hyphen (punct.)
连坐
連坐
lian2 zuo4
to treat as guilty those associated with an offender (family, neighbors etc)
连坐制
連坐制
lian2 zuo4 zhi4
guilt by association
留连
留連
liu2 lian2
variant of 流連|流连
流连
流連
liu2 lian2
to loiter (i.e. reluctant to leave); to linger on
留连果
留連果
liu2 lian2 guo3
variant of 榴槤果|榴梿果, durian fruit
留连论诗
留連論詩
liu2 lian2 lun4 shi1
to continue to discuss a poem over a long period
流连忘返
流連忘返
liu2 lian2 wang4 fan3
to linger; to remain enjoying oneself and forget to go home
马克西米连
馬克西米連
ma3 ke4 xi1 mi3 lian2
Maximilian or Maximilien (name)
马连良
馬連良
ma3 lian2 liang2
Ma Lianliang (1901-1966), Beijing opera star, one of the Four great beards 四大鬚生|四大须生
媒体接口连接器
媒體接口連接器
mei2 ti3 jie1 kou3 lian2 jie1 qi4
medium interface connector
孟连傣族拉祜族佤族自治县
孟連傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣
meng4 lian2 dai3 zu2 la1 hu4 zu2 wa3 zu2 zi4 zhi4 xian4
Menglian Dai, Lahu and Va autonomous county in Pu'er 普洱, Yunnan
孟连县
孟連縣
meng4 lian2 xian4
Menglian Dai, Lahu and Va autonomous county in Pu'er 普洱, Yunnan
密切相连
密切相連
mi4 qie4 xiang1 lian2
to relate closely; closely related
绵连
綿連
mian2 lian2
continuous; uninterrupted
面向连接
面嚮連接
mian4 xiang4 lian2 jie1
connection-oriented
莫霍洛维奇不连续面
莫霍洛維奇不連續面
mo4 huo4 luo4 wei2 qi2 bu4 lian2 xu4 mian4
Mohorovichich discontinuity (lower boundary of the earth's lithosphere); abbr. to Moho 莫霍面
粘连
粘連
nian2 lian2
to adhere; to stick together
藕断丝连
藕斷絲連
ou3 duan4 si1 lian2
lit. lotus roots may break, but the fiber remains joined (idiom); lovers part, but still long for one another
炮火连天
砲火連天
pao4 huo3 lian2 tian1
cannon firing for days on end (idiom); enveloped in the flames of war
毗连
毗連
pi2 lian2
to adjoin
破屋又遭连夜雨
破屋又遭連夜雨
po4 wu1 you4 zao1 lian2 ye4 yu3
see 屋漏偏逢連夜雨|屋漏偏逢连夜雨
祁连
祁連
qi2 lian2
Qilian county in Haibei Tibetan autonomous prefecture 海北藏族自治州, Qinghai
祁连山
祁連山
qi2 lian2 shan1
Mt Qilian in Qinhai
祁连山脉
祁連山脈
qi2 lian2 shan1 mai4
Qilian Mountains (formerly Richthofen Range), dividing Qinghai and Gansu provinces
祁连县
祁連縣
qi2 lian2 xian4
Qilian county in Haibei Tibetan autonomous prefecture 海北藏族自治州, Qinghai
牵连
牽連
qian1 lian2
to implicate; implicated; to link together
热连球菌
熱連球菌
re4 lian2 qiu2 jun1
Streptococcus thermophilus
三连胜
三連勝
san1 lian2 sheng4
hat-trick (sports)
数据链路连接标识
數據鏈路連接標識
shu4 ju4 lian4 lu4 lian2 jie1 biao1 zhi4
data link connection identifier (DLCI)
双连接站
雙連接站
shuang1 lian2 jie1 zhan4
dual attachment station
特别任务连
特別任務連
te4 bie2 ren4 wu5 lian2
Special Duties Unit, Hong Kong special police
外部连接
外部連接
wai4 bu4 lian2 jie1
external link
屋漏更遭连夜雨
屋漏更遭連夜雨
wu1 lou4 geng4 zao1 lian2 ye4 yu3
when it rains, it pours (idiom)
屋漏偏逢连夜雨
屋漏偏逢連夜雨
wu1 lou4 pian1 feng2 lian2 ye4 yu3
when it rains, it pours (idiom)
无缝连接
無縫連接
wu2 feng4 lian2 jie1
seamless connection
无连接
無連接
wu2 lian2 jie1
connectionless
五大连池
五大連池
wu3 da4 lian2 chi2
Wudalianchi county level city in Heihe 黑河, Heilongjiang
五大连池市
五大連池市
wu3 da4 lian2 chi2 shi4
Wudalianchi county level city in Heihe 黑河, Heilongjiang
喜结连理
喜結連理
xi3 jie2 lian2 li3
to tie the knot (idiom); to get married
相连
相連
xiang1 lian2
to link; to join; link; connection
虚拟连接
虛擬連接
xu1 ni3 lian2 jie1
virtual connection
血肉相连
血肉相連
xue4 rou4 xiang1 lian2
one's own flesh and blood (idiom); closely related
哑巴吃黄连
啞巴吃黃連
ya3 ba5 chi1 huang2 lian2
no choice but to suffer in silence (idiom); also written 啞巴吃黃蓮|哑巴吃黄莲; (often precedes 有苦說不出|有苦说不出)
哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出
啞巴吃黃連，有苦說不出
ya3 ba5 chi1 huang2 lian2 - you3 ku3 shuo1 bu5 chu1
to be forced to suffer in silence (idiom); unable to speak of one's bitter suffering; sometimes written 啞子吃黃連，有苦說不出|哑子吃黄连，有苦说不出
一连
一連
yi1 lian2
in a row; in succession; running
一连串
一連串
yi1 lian2 chuan4
a succession of; a series of
筠连
筠連
yun2 lian2
Yunlian county in Yibin 宜賓|宜宾, Sichuan
筠连县
筠連縣
yun2 lian2 xian4
Yunlian county in Yibin 宜賓|宜宾, Sichuan
在天愿做比翼鸟，在地愿做连理枝
在天願做比翼鳥，在地願做連理枝
zai4 tian1 yuan4 zuo4 bi3 yi4 niao3 - zai4 di4 yuan4 zuo4 lian2 li3 zhi1
In the sky to be two birds flying wing to wing, on earth to be two trees with branches intertwined; wishing for conjugal bliss
粘连
粘連
zhan1 lian2
adhesion; to adhere; to cohere; to stick
株连
株連
zhu1 lian2
to involve others (in a crime); guilt by association